Package import 7.app.AppCompatActivity import android.os.Bundle import import import import import public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implementsĪdapterView. Its recommended to use a platforms default text alignment for toolbar titles, unless multiple action buttons are. In the MainActivity.java file, we are adding the code to display items on the spinner and to perform event handling. Tired of card games that require a huge investment in time to play a single session The rapid battles in Splinterlands are fast and furious, each game only. On Android, toolbars are called top app bars. I need a customAdapter on the project as well as an arrow to come back to the default menu on. Can be used in various projects where the address of User is taken. Question: I need help on an android studio spinner project. On selecting a State, Second Spinner is populated with the Names of Districts belonging to the selected State. Activity class:( File: MainActivity.java) android-multiple-spinner Learning Multiple Spinners (Populating Second Spinner based on the Selection of First Spinner) Using Names of Indian States in First Spinner.
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Allows you to merge multiple audio files into one.Ĭompatible with all platforms, WavePad is the best Audacity alternative that provides many free features as Audacity.Enables you to change the volume of the audio files.Enables you to fade in & fade out audio.Allows you to split, trim music easily.Supports importing major audio formats.Has an intuitive and user-friendly interface, especially for beginners.Free, easy-to-use, no watermark, no bundles, no spyware, enough reliable.Additionally, it provides many other excellent features with you. In all, this free audio editing software is one-in-all that enables you to edit video and audio simultaneously.Īpart from being a free audio editor, MiniTool MovieMaker can serve audio converter to some extent, since it supports importing audio files in various formats without limit and exporting as the most common format – MP3, which allows you to convert Flac to MP3. Not as the exclusively free audio editor, MiniTool MovieMaker both contain video editing features and audio editing features. The first recommended audio editor must be the most easy-to-use and 100% free one. Based on your operating platform, you can try it out and then decide whether to switch it from Audacity. Each one has been marked the compatibility in advance. The article provides top 6 audacity alternatives for you to choose according to your own tastes and needs.īelow is a list of Audacity alternatives you need. ……įortunately, there are many other audio editors as good as Audacity, and you can compensate Audacity’s drawback using its alternatives. Audacity doesn’t support WMA, AAC, or other formats. Audacity can’t publish or share directly because it only has one Export option. Users always complain about: Audacity can’t tag music effectively. Alike any software, Audacity has its own drawback. Inevitably, you may find it buggy or not as good as expected, there is always the need to find Audacity alternatives for your potential switch. It’s capable of recording, controlling the speed, editing music in audio tracks as well as the import and export in various audio formats. How to Edit Audio Files with MiniTool MovieMakerĪudacity’s wide popularity has proved itself its leading position among the audio editors that are available for Windows, Mac, Linux, etc.Want an easy-to-use audio editor to help you process audio files? MiniTool MovieMaker can satisfy you. However, its unfriendly-to-beginners features and not very pretty interface may deter freshmen. needs for day-to-day life.Audacity is a free, open-source, and cross-platform audio editor and recorder that was known as its powerful audio-editing features and addable plug-ins. As you can see TwistedWave Audio Editor is the most complete application that anyone who, due to his usual work, be it a journalist, student, lawyer. In addition, it also allows us to import or export audios from the iTunes library, send the recordings by email once they are edited, upload them to FTP or SFTP servers, to a Dropbox or Box account, share audio fragments with other applications. TwistedWave Audio Editor supports WAV, AIFF, ACC, CAF, MP3 and FLAC formats. in addition to being able to copy and paste pieces of audio from other recordings, record the audio from other applications to edit it later. With this app We can not only edit and cut the recordings, but we can also add effects such as fade, amplify the sound, the frequency. Many are the journalists who use their iPhone to conduct interviews or record statements to later transfer them to the computer and cut the most interesting pieces of it. TwistedWave Audio Editor has a regular price in the App Store of 9,99 euros, but for a limited time we can download it for free. TwistedWave Audio Editor, is an application that allows us, in addition to making recordings, edit and add effects to our recordings. If we want to create fun video montages in the App Store we can find a large number of applications that allow us to do so, but if we talk about audio editing, things get considerably complicated, since the options are found with the fingers of one hand. But in most cases this type of application does not allow us to go much further if we talk about editing audio fragments. On several occasions I have shown you the odd application that allows us to make recordings in an almost professional way with our iPhone, recordings that we can tag, add notes, cut. The enormous amount of negative publicity surrounding Battlefront 2 had a substantial impact on the game’s sales. Villains, Arcade, and for a limited time as Jetpack Cargo). And Bespin is now available as a location for certain game modes (Blast, Heroes vs. The Arcade also mode now offers all Star Cards unlocked at Epic Card levels, to give players the opportunity to experiment with various configuration options. EA’s FAQ has more details on how the new progression system works. Points are unique to the hero or class you earn them with - you can’t use points earned with Yoda to upgrade a Heavy or vice-versa. These skill points can be used to buy various Star Cards. Instead of buying loot crates to find parts for critical upgrades, players will gain skill points as they level. While microtransactions still exist within the game, they’re limited to cosmetic items and have no impact on gameplay. All heroes and hero ships are now unlocked from the start. Star Cards, which give access to various buffs, weapons, or capabilities will only be earned through gameplay (you keep access to any Star Cards you already had). With these new updates, which started going live this week, the entire progression process has been revamped. The company’s initial response to the controversy was to blame Star Wars canon, which didn’t exactly endear it to the community, either. EA wasn’t the only company to take fire from gamers over loot crates in 2017, but its system was one of the worst, inspiring states like Hawaii and countries like Belgium to investigate banning loot crates altogether. It just meant that players couldn’t literally buy their way to victory using real cash. The microtransaction system was yanked literally hours before the game launched, after Disney made EA pull it, but that didn’t solve the problems in the progression system. On a related note, EA now holds the record for the most downvoted comment in Reddit history. When players discovered it would take up to 40 hours to unlock a single hero, EA breezily responded that this requirement would “provide players with a sense of pride and accomplishment for unlocking different heroes.” While Battlefront 2 is far from the first game to include microtransactions, the original BF2 progression system was designed to effectively force players to spend money on loot crates. The problems started when EA decided to create an alternate revenue stream for itself based solely on loot crates and pay-to-win mechanics, with players who purchased loot crates with real money gaining a significant advantage over those who opted to just play the game. "We can shy away from it and pretend like it didn't happen," he told The Verge in an interview this week, "or we can act responsibly and realize that we made some mistakes, and try to rectify those mistakes and learn from them.The original loot progression system. Söderlund says the incident is sparking change in how the company operates. EA disabled in-game purchases, lowered the unlock requirements for iconic characters like Luke Skywalker and Darth Vader and eventually changed the game's entire progression system to be less reliant on Star Cards and loot box luck. Harsh reviews and fan blowback about microtransactions, loot boxes, character progression and perceived pay-to-win mechanics tainted the game's reputation before it even launched. Not only was Star Wars Battlefront II set up to ride off the impending release of Star Wars: The Last Jedi, it offered everything fans could want from a Battlefront sequel: tweaked space combat, more game modes and, most importantly, a real single-player campaign. What was supposed to be an unmitigated success for EA turned into a critical and financial disappointment. The game wound up being one of the most infamous releases of 2017. That's why the company has been so dedicated to revamping Star Wars Battlefront II. Electronic Arts knows it has an image problem, and the company's new chief design officer, Patrick Söderlund, is trying to fix it. See also: List of Happy Endings episodes No.Īlex suddenly leaves Dave at the altar on the day of their wedding, putting their group of friends (Brad, Jane, Penny and Max) in an awkward position of having to choose sides. The series’ first season was presented in its proper production order on the season one DVD, was presented in broadcast order when it appeared on Hulu, and was presented in production order when it appeared on HBOMax. The list below is ordered by the production order which restores the chronology of the storyline. Bre Blair as Kim ("Why Can't You Read Me").Meagen Fay as Barbara ("Why Can't You Read Me").Gina Rodriguez as Rita ("Why Can't You Read Me").Miller as Jason Shershow ("The Shershow Redemption") June Diane Raphael as Melinda Shershow ("The Shershow Redemption").Nick Thune as Tommy ("Barefoot Pedaler").Jon Daly as Brody Daniels ("Barefoot Pedaler").Max Greenfield as Ian ("You've Got Male").Rob Huebel as Alan Fitzgerald ("You've Got Male").Damon Wayans as Francis Williams ("Like Father, Like Gun").Caroline Aaron as Pauline Blum ("Mein Coming Out").Alan Rachins as Howard Blum ("Mein Coming Out").Danielle Schneider as Dianne ("Your Couples Friends & Neighbors").Brett Gelman as Carl ("Your Couples Friends & Neighbors").Travis Van Winkle as Bo Bazinski (2 episodes).Stephen Guarino as Derrick (2 episodes). Starting the nonprofit in the first place was a decision Alexander told the Journal-World he made based on a life experience of his own. Thom Alexander, the founder of Americana Music Academy, plays at the end of one of the nonprofit’s holiday shows. By January of the next year, the academy was offering its first classes. And hopefully, much longer than that moving forward.”Īlexander started Americana Music Academy in August of 2001 as a gathering place for musicians, artists, teachers and learners. “Twenty years has been great, and we’ll be here for the next 20. “We’re kind of hoping that this event not only celebrates 20 years, but sort of also reintroduces Americana to the community and allows us to triumphantly say ‘We survived, and we’re still here,'” Paley said. He said he’s hoping that elements of the upcoming events like Alexander’s return to Lawrence will be a draw for folks who haven’t been as active in the academy for a while. Paley took over the executive director role in September of 2020, which he told the Journal-World was a challenge because the pandemic had caused operations to go fully remote. He started teaching mandolin there in 2006 while in college, then left for Denver for about 11 years before returning to Lawrence near the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. Paley has been involved with the nonprofit almost from its start, starting with playing in jam sessions around 2002. Though Miller’s predecessor, Max Paley, just left the position at the end of August for a job with Kansas Public Radio, he’s still contracting with the nonprofit to coordinate the music for Thursday night’s celebration. Paull is set to perform during the nonprofit’s 20th anniversary celebration later this week. Miller added that won’t be a short-term goal, noting that the academy is pretty happy with its current location and would need to seek matching funds to pair with donations to be able to reasonably afford to move.įrom left to right, Jenn Thomas, former Americana Music Academy director Rachel Black, Michael Paull and Mary Conn play at the academy’s annual holiday show in 2017. “It has long been the dream of the folks affiliated with Americana since its founding, board members and everyone along the way, how wonderful it would be for us to own our own property,” Miller said. The nonprofit’s new executive director, Christy Miller, told the Journal-World the fund is intended to help purchase property somewhere down the line. The event at Liberty Hall is free, but all proceeds from a suggested $25 donation will go toward the academy’s new Home for the Future fund. 14, at 8 p.m., Americana Music Academy founder Thomas Alexander will return to Lawrence to host a late-night blues jam session at the academy, 1419 Massachusetts St. It’ll feature a laundry list of musicians: the Alferd Packer Memorial String Band, the Breezedale Trio, Delaney MacFarland, Easy G and the Blue Notes, Matthew Mulnix, Michael Paull, Smoke Damage, and Aila Glendenning. First, a 20th anniversary celebration will take place from 6:30 to 10 p.m. Lawrence’s academy offers private and group lessons, hosts jam sessions and other live music events, and offers a scholarship program for students who’d otherwise not be capable of pursuing music instruction.Ī pair of events are set to take place later this week to mark the occasion. The academy is one of just a handful of nonprofit organizations dedicated to teaching and promoting American roots music and its influences across the country. 7, 2022.Ī fixture of Lawrence’s local music scene, Americana Music Academy, is gearing up to celebrate a milestone this week - 20 years since its founding. Photo by: Austin Hornbostel/Journal-WorldĪmericana Music Academy is pictured at its current home at 1419 Massachusetts St. testing 'MySQL >= 5.5 AND error-based - WHERE, HAVING, ORDER BY or GROUP BY clause (EXP)' testing 'MySQL >= 5.5 OR error-based - WHERE or HAVING clause (BIGINT UNSIGNED)' testing 'MySQL = 5.5 AND error-based - WHERE, HAVING, ORDER BY or GROUP BY clause (BIGINT UNSIGNED)' testing 'MySQL = 5.0 boolean-based blind - Stacked queries' testing 'MySQL >= 5.0 boolean-based blind - ORDER BY, GROUP BY clause (original value)' testing 'MySQL >= 5.0 boolean-based blind - ORDER BY, GROUP BY clause' testing 'MySQL boolean-based blind - Parameter replace (bool*int - original value)' testing 'MySQL boolean-based blind - Parameter replace (bool*int)' testing 'MySQL boolean-based blind - Parameter replace (ELT - original value)' testing 'MySQL boolean-based blind - Parameter replace (ELT)' testing 'MySQL boolean-based blind - Parameter replace (MAKE_SET - original value)' testing 'MySQL boolean-based blind - Parameter replace (MAKE_SET)' testing 'MySQL OR boolean-based blind - WHERE, HAVING, ORDER BY or GROUP BY clause (bool*int)' testing 'MySQL AND boolean-based blind - WHERE, HAVING, ORDER BY or GROUP BY clause (bool*int)' testing 'MySQL OR boolean-based blind - WHERE, HAVING, ORDER BY or GROUP BY clause (ELT)' testing 'MySQL AND boolean-based blind - WHERE, HAVING, ORDER BY or GROUP BY clause (ELT)' testing 'MySQL OR boolean-based blind - WHERE, HAVING, ORDER BY or GROUP BY clause (MAKE_SET)' testing 'MySQL AND boolean-based blind - WHERE, HAVING, ORDER BY or GROUP BY clause (MAKE_SET)' testing 'MySQL RLIKE boolean-based blind - WHERE, HAVING, ORDER BY or GROUP BY clause' testing 'OR boolean-based blind - WHERE or HAVING clause (NOT - MySQL comment)' testing 'OR boolean-based blind - WHERE or HAVING testing 'Boolean-based blind - Parameter replace reflective value(s) found and filtering out testing 'AND boolean-based blind - WHERE or HAVING testing for SQL injection on GET parameter 'portal'įor the remaining tests, do you want to include all tests for 'MySQL'Įxtending provided level (1) and risk (1) values? y Might be vulnerable to cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks heuristic (XSS) test shows that GET parameter 'portal' 'portal' might be injectable (possible DBMS: 'MySQL') heuristic (basic) test shows that GET parameter GET parameter 'portal' appears to be dynamic testing if GET parameter 'portal' is dynamic testing if the target URL content is stable there is a DBMS error found in the HTTP responseīody which could interfere with the results of the tests Only valid parameter values so sqlmap could be able to run properlyĪre you really sure that you want to continue (sqlmap could have probl Values ('portal=165254334 or 6399=06399- ') with most likely leftoverĬhars/statements from manual SQL injection test(s). it appears that you have provided tainted parameter User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (compatible MSIE 9.0 Windows NT 6.1 Win64 Ĭookie: PHPSESSID=Removed ASP.NET_SessionId=Removed Sqlmap -r portal.req -force-ssl -dbms mysql -time-sec 8 -level 5 -risk 3 -random-agent -batchĪll ending up with the same result "Nothing" Issue Request Sqlmap -r base.req -force-ssl -dbs -batch -random-agent Sqlmap -r portal.req -force-ssl -dbs -time-sec 8 What i'm I doing wrong? Can someone help me? Included are the request found in burp and also the outputs from some SQLmap sessions. You should review the contents of the error message, and the application's handling of other input, to confirm whether a vulnerability is present. The payload 65254334 or 6399=06399- was submitted in the portal parameter, and a database error message was returned. The portal parameter appears to be vulnerable to SQL injection attacks. I working on a site survey when I scan the site with Burp it returns that the site is vulnerable for sql injection but I'm not able to reproduce it with sqlmap If your doors are far apart, you might need more than one Nest Connect.įor best results, you should try to install your Nest Connect about halfway between your router and your lock. If you’re installing multiple locks, you may only need one Nest Connect to work with your locks. That way, if you already have a Nest Secure alarm system, you can purchase the lock without Nest Connect and you’ll still have everything you need to make it work. Add Wi-Fi & Bluetooth to lock/unlock using the Yale app. If you are in the Fawn Creek area, we are only a phone call away when locks and keys become a problem. Keyless connected smart lock with a simple to use touchscreen and backlit keypad, allowing complete control over door locking. If you purchase the Nest × Yale Lock from, you have the option to buy it with or without a Nest Connect. Upgrade your doors deadbolt with the Yale Assure Lock - a smart lock with a sleek touchscreen keypad. You won't need to purchase anything else to make your lock work. Yale Stellar Biometric Safe Locker with Keypad- Medium The Yale Stellar Safe Locker for home and office is smart and extremely convenient solution for keeping your valuables safe. Add to Cart Binary Web Solutions India Pvt. Nest Connect is included in the box when you purchase the lock. Yale Stellar Biometric Safe Locker with Keypad- Medium 9,999 12,499. If you purchase the Nest x Yale Lock from one of our retail partners. Your Connect or Guard, which are connected to your Wi-Fi network, let your lock communicate with the Nest Service in the cloud and the Nest app on your phone. Instead it uses Weave to connect to a Nest Connect or Nest Guard in your home. The Nest x Yale Lock doesn't connect directly to Wi-Fi. Compatible with Yale Unity Series With the Yale Smart Keypad you can lock and unlock your door via PIN codes Control Access Create and send guests unique. W failed to CreateProfile: :profile id 'Brother_HL-2030_series-Gray.' already exists Printing a test page (which fails as described above) gives no additional entries. Afaik Xubuntu uses CUPS 1.7.3, while Arch and Manjaro use the new versions 2.0.x.ĭoes anybody have some experience in making such a constellation (CUPS 1.x.x on the server and 2.x.x on the clients) work? What could be a solution to this? I don't expect Raspbian to upgrade CUPS to 2.x.x within the next decade so if it is an incompatibility, I would need to permanently downgrade CUPS on Arch and Manjaro.Į Unknown directive BrowseOrder on line 6 of /etc/cups/nf.Į Unknown directive BrowseAllow on line 7 of /etc/cups/nf.Į Unknown directive BrowseRemoteProtocols on line 8 of /etc/cups/nf.Į Unknown directive BrowseAddress on line 9 of /etc/cups/nf.Į Unknown browse protocol "CUPS" ignored.Į Unknown directive JobPrivateAccess on line 88 of /etc/cups/nf.Į Unknown directive JobPrivateValues on line 89 of /etc/cups/nf.Į Unknown directive SubscriptionPrivateAccess on line 91 of /etc/cups/nf.Į Unknown directive SubscriptionPrivateValues on line 92 of /etc/cups/nf.Į Unable to communicate with avahi-daemon: An unexpected D-Bus error occured At the same time, the Xubuntu machine can print via the Raspi without any problems. "/usr/lib/cups/filter/foomatic-rip failed". However, printing from the Arch and Manjaro systems fails.ĬUPS on the clients reports: "Sending data to printer." CUPS on the Raspi at the same time reports: Stopped. The Arch and Manjaro machines are both affected by the following bug: However I applied the workaround proposed in the bug and could add the remote printer (using the http protocol). Three clients are connected to the same network: one Xubuntu machine, one Arch machine and one Manjaro machine. The printer is a Brother HL2030 and is connected to a Raspi running Raspbian and CUPS 1.5.3. I Started "/usr/lib/cups/daemon/cups-driverd" (pid=0)ĭ file=18ĭ CUPS-Get-PPDs server-error-internal-error: cups-driverd failed to execute.Į Returning IPP server-error-internal-error for CUPS-Get-PPDs (no URI) from localhostĭ Content-Length: 125ĭ cupsd is not idle any more, canceling shutdown.I have big problems setting up a CUPS printer. Making progress after the latest CUPS (Version 1.0.52-0unbuntu1.6 on 8 December 2015) update but still get a problem when installing the Gutenprint driver: There was an error during the CUPS operation: 'server-error-internal-error'.ĭ argv = "/usr/lib/cups/daemon/cups-driverd"ĭ argv = "list"ĭ argv = "22"ĭ argv = "0"ĭ argv = "requested-attributes=all"ĭ envp = "CUPS_CACHEDIR=/var/cache/cups"ĭ envp = "CUPS_DATADIR=/usr/share/cups"ĭ envp = "CUPS_DOCROOT=/usr/share/cups/doc-root"ĭ envp = "CUPS_FONTPATH=/usr/share/cups/fonts"ĭ envp = "CUPS_REQUESTROOT=/var/spool/cups"ĭ envp = "CUPS_SERVERBIN=/usr/lib/cups"ĭ envp = "CUPS_SERVERROOT=/etc/cups"ĭ envp = "CUPS_STATEDIR=/var/run/cups"ĭ envp = "HOME=/var/spool/cups/tmp"ĭ envp = "PATH=/usr/lib/cups/filter:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/usr/bin"ĭ envp = envp = "SOFTWARE=CUPS/1.7.2"ĭ envp = "TMPDIR=/var/spool/cups/tmp"ĭ envp = "USER=root"ĭ envp = "CUPS_MAX_MESSAGE=2047"ĭ envp = "CUPS_SERVER=/var/run/cups/cups.sock"ĭ envp = "CUPS_ENCRYPTION=IfRequested"ĭ envp = "IPP_PORT=631"ĭ envp = "LANG=en_US.UTF8"ĭ envp = "REDIRECT_STATUS=1"ĭ envp = "GATEWAY_INTERFACE=CGI/1.1"ĭ envp = "SERVER_NAME=localhost"ĭ envp = "SERVER_PORT=631"ĭ envp = "REMOTE_ADDR=localhost"ĭ envp = "REMOTE_HOST=localhost"ĭ envp = "SCRIPT_NAME=/"ĭ envp = "SCRIPT_FILENAME=/usr/share/cups/doc-root/"ĭ envp = "SERVER_PROTOCOL=HTTP/1.1"ĭ envp = "HTTP_USER_AGENT=CUPS/1.7.2 (Linux 3.13.0-37-generic x86_64) IPP/2.0"ĭ envp = "REQUEST_METHOD=POST"ĭ envp = "CONTENT_LENGTH=75"ĭ envp = "CONTENT_TYPE=application/ipp"Į File "/usr/lib/cups/daemon/cups-driverd" not available: No such file or directoryĭ Started /usr/lib/cups/daemon/cups-driverd (PID 0) Stay mission ready and keep on top of your dental care. There are simple habits and practices to greatly improve dental health and lower the risk of chronic disease. Many service members may not be aware of the impact their oral health can have, so in February, we will remind them of the connection between dental care and their overall health and readiness. Suggested social media message: Dental Did You Know? Dental issues can negatively impact your deployability. Dental health is critical to overall health. Stick to using your hands to open containers.#dentalhealth Suggested social media message: Your teeth are your tools for eating - not opening bottles or packages. Suggested social media message: DYK: Your birth month is the perfect time to make your yearly appointments - don't neglect your teeth and make your dentist appointment this month. Suggested social media message: Is your birthday this month? Happy birthday! Now is the perfect time to schedule your dentist appointment #dentalhealth Visit the Total Force Fitness Page to take the first steps to preventive #dentalhealth. Suggested social media message: Dental health is a big part of your preventive health care in maintaining readiness. Suggested social media message: Drinks and foods high in sugar can lead to damage to your teeth. Avoid using tobacco to maintain your oral health. Suggested social media message: Cigarettes, smokeless tobacco, and other forms of tobacco cause oral cancer, gum disease, and other oral health problems. Suggested social media message: Things to do on your birthday: Suggested social media message: Brushing twice a day, flossing daily, and annual dental checkups are all critical to sustain dental health. Suggested social media message: Dental care isn't just about your kids - don't put off your own care. Schedule your dental appointment to maintain readiness. Suggested social media message: Keep yourself mission ready by taking care of your teeth. Regular dental care is needed to maintain readiness and deployability. Suggested social media message: A force that is not dentally prepared may see a fivefold increase in deployed dental emergencies. Suggested social media message: Dental and oral health is critical to overall readiness, and poor dental hygiene and preventive practices can impact deployability. TRICARE & Federal Benefits Open Season Toolkitĭownload and share any of these graphics and social media messages on your platforms.TRICARE Low Back Pain and Physical Therapy Demonstration Toolkit.TRICARE Childbirth and Breastfeeding Support Demonstration Toolkit.Sexual Assault Awareness and Prevention.Ready Reliable Care Communications Toolkit.Sexually Transmitted Infection Prevention.Performance Nutrition: Fuel Your Body and Mind.Total Body Preventive Health - Dental, Medical & Mental. Pharmacy Beneficiary Knowledge Gap Campaign Toolkit.Mental Health: Seeking Care with TRICARE.Brain Injury Awareness To Improve Readiness.Beneficiary Web Enrollment (BWE) Overseas Toolkit. But the CPU itself needs a little bit of programmed code in order to work – it has to be able to both understand and give instructions. This ensures your computer has at least some basic functionality even if your operating system were to get corrupted or some piece of hardware were to truly go haywire (see this other post). It also has a CPU, central processing unit, which is commonly analogized to the “brain” of the computer: it coordinates all the different pieces of your computer, hardware and software alike: operating system, keyboard, mouse, monitor, hard drive (or solid state drive), CD-ROM drive, USB hub, etc. So you know your computer has a hard drive, where your operating system and all your files and programs live. This is the first thing that can start to throw people off. For the rest of us, there’s WinWorld, providing disk image files for all your abandonware OS needs. If you still have the original installer CD lying around, great! You can still use that. These used to come on bootable CD-ROMs, or depending on the age of the OS, floppy disks. You’ll need the program that installs the desired operating system that you’re trying to recreate/emulate: let’s say, for example, Mac OS 8.5. We’ll go over these in more detail in a minute. There are several free and open-source software options for emulating legacy Mac systems on contemporary computers. Intro: How do I pick what emulator to use?.(You can jump right to an app with this Table of Contents: I’ll start with the essential components to get any Mac emulation program running, give some recommendations for picking an emulator, then round it out with some installation instructions and tips for each one. So what really is the boundary between Basilisk II and SheepShaver? Why is there such a difference between MacOS 9.0.4 and 9.1? And what the hell is a ROM file anyway? That’s what I want to get into today. Most of the “default” or recommended pre-compiled Mac/Windows versions of emulators offered up to casual or first-time users don’t necessarily do every single feature that the emulator’s front page brags about. That’s partly because, as open source software, each of these programs is *potentially* capable of a hell of a lot – but might require a lot of futzing in configuration files and compiling of source code to actually unlock all those potentials (which, those of us just trying to load up Nanosaur for the first time in 15 years aren’t necessarily looking to mess with). In particular, while each Mac emulator has some pretty good information available to troubleshoot it (if you’ve got the time to find it), I’ve never found a really satisfying overview, that is, an explanation of why you might choose X program over Y. That’s also not something that to hold against them in the least, mind you – when you are a relatively tiny, all-volunteer group of programmers keeping the software going to maintain decades’ worth of content from a major computing company that’s notoriously litigious about intellectual property….some of the details are going to fall through the cracks, especially when you’re trying to cram them into a forum post, not specifically addressing the archival/information science community, etc. The tinkering enthusiast communities that come up with emulators for Mac systems, in particular, are not always the clearest about self-documentation (the free-level versions of PC-emulating enterprise software like VirtualBox or VMWare are, unsurprisingly, more self-describing). I elided much of the technical process of setting up a legacy operating system environment in an emulator, since my focus for that post was on general strategy and assessment – but there are aspects of the technical setup process that aren’t super clear from the Emaculation guides that I first started with. Last fall I wrote about the collaborative technical/scholarly process of making some ’90s multimedia CD-ROMs available for a Cinema Studies course on Interactive Cinema. |
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